# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2023
#
# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""
Synthesis of an n-qubit circuit containing only CZ gates for
linear nearest neighbor (LNN) connectivity, using CX and phase (S, Sdg or Z) gates.
The two-qubit depth of the circuit is bounded by 2*n+2.
This algorithm reverts the order of qubits.
References:
[1]: Dmitri Maslov, Martin Roetteler,
Shorter stabilizer circuits via Bruhat decomposition and quantum circuit transformations,
`arXiv:1705.09176 <https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09176>`_.
"""
import numpy as np
from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
def _append_cx_stage1(qc, n):
"""A single layer of CX gates."""
for i in range(n // 2):
qc.cx(2 * i, 2 * i + 1)
for i in range((n + 1) // 2 - 1):
qc.cx(2 * i + 2, 2 * i + 1)
return qc
def _append_cx_stage2(qc, n):
"""A single layer of CX gates."""
for i in range(n // 2):
qc.cx(2 * i + 1, 2 * i)
for i in range((n + 1) // 2 - 1):
qc.cx(2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2)
return qc
def _odd_pattern1(n):
"""A pattern denoted by Pj in [1] for odd number of qubits:
[n-2, n-4, n-4, ..., 3, 3, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, ..., n-3, n-3]
"""
pat = []
pat.append(n - 2)
for i in range((n - 3) // 2):
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 4)
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 4)
for i in range((n - 1) // 2):
pat.append(2 * i)
pat.append(2 * i)
return pat
def _odd_pattern2(n):
"""A pattern denoted by Pk in [1] for odd number of qubits:
[2, 2, 4, 4, ..., n-1, n-1, n-2, n-2, n-4, n-4, ..., 5, 5, 3, 3, 1]
"""
pat = []
for i in range((n - 1) // 2):
pat.append(2 * i + 2)
pat.append(2 * i + 2)
for i in range((n - 3) // 2):
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 2)
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 2)
pat.append(1)
return pat
def _even_pattern1(n):
"""A pattern denoted by Pj in [1] for even number of qubits:
[n-1, n-3, n-3, n-5, n-5, ..., 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 2, ..., n-4, n-4, n-2]
"""
pat = []
pat.append(n - 1)
for i in range((n - 2) // 2):
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 3)
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 3)
for i in range((n - 2) // 2):
pat.append(2 * i)
pat.append(2 * i)
pat.append(n - 2)
return pat
def _even_pattern2(n):
"""A pattern denoted by Pk in [1] for even number of qubits:
[2, 2, 4, 4, ..., n-2, n-2, n-1, n-1, ..., 3, 3, 1, 1]
"""
pat = []
for i in range((n - 2) // 2):
pat.append(2 * (i + 1))
pat.append(2 * (i + 1))
for i in range(n // 2):
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 1)
pat.append(n - 2 * i - 1)
return pat
def _create_patterns(n):
"""Creating the patterns for the phase layers."""
if (n % 2) == 0:
pat1 = _even_pattern1(n)
pat2 = _even_pattern2(n)
else:
pat1 = _odd_pattern1(n)
pat2 = _odd_pattern2(n)
pats = {}
layer = 0
for i in range(n):
pats[(0, i)] = (i, i)
if (n % 2) == 0:
ind1 = (2 * n - 4) // 2
else:
ind1 = (2 * n - 4) // 2 - 1
ind2 = 0
while layer < (n // 2):
for i in range(n):
pats[(layer + 1, i)] = (pat1[ind1 + i], pat2[ind2 + i])
layer += 1
ind1 -= 2
ind2 += 2
return pats
[ドキュメント]def synth_cz_depth_line_mr(mat: np.ndarray):
"""Synthesis of a CZ circuit for linear nearest neighbour (LNN) connectivity,
based on Maslov and Roetteler.
Note that this method *reverts* the order of qubits in the circuit,
and returns a circuit containing CX and phase (S, Sdg or Z) gates.
Args:
mat: an upper-diagonal matrix representing the CZ circuit.
mat[i][j]=1 for i<j represents a CZ(i,j) gate
Return:
QuantumCircuit: a circuit implementation of the CZ circuit of depth 2*n+2 for LNN connectivity.
Reference:
1. Dmitri Maslov, Martin Roetteler,
*Shorter stabilizer circuits via Bruhat decomposition and quantum circuit transformations*,
`arXiv:1705.09176 <https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09176>`_.
"""
num_qubits = mat.shape[0]
pats = _create_patterns(num_qubits)
patlist = []
# s_gates[i] = 0, 1, 2 or 3 for a gate id, sdg, z or s on qubit i respectively
s_gates = np.zeros(num_qubits)
qc = QuantumCircuit(num_qubits)
for i in range(num_qubits):
for j in range(i + 1, num_qubits):
if mat[i][j]: # CZ(i,j) gate
s_gates[i] += 2 # qc.z[i]
s_gates[j] += 2 # qc.z[j]
patlist.append((i, j - 1))
patlist.append((i, j))
patlist.append((i + 1, j - 1))
patlist.append((i + 1, j))
for i in range((num_qubits + 1) // 2):
for j in range(num_qubits):
if pats[(i, j)] in patlist:
patcnt = patlist.count(pats[(i, j)])
for _ in range(patcnt):
s_gates[j] += 1 # qc.sdg[j]
# Add phase gates: s, sdg or z
for j in range(num_qubits):
if s_gates[j] % 4 == 1:
qc.sdg(j)
elif s_gates[j] % 4 == 2:
qc.z(j)
elif s_gates[j] % 4 == 3:
qc.s(j)
qc = _append_cx_stage1(qc, num_qubits)
qc = _append_cx_stage2(qc, num_qubits)
s_gates = np.zeros(num_qubits)
if (num_qubits % 2) == 0:
i = num_qubits // 2
for j in range(num_qubits):
if pats[(i, j)] in patlist and pats[(i, j)][0] != pats[(i, j)][1]:
patcnt = patlist.count(pats[(i, j)])
for _ in range(patcnt):
s_gates[j] += 1 # qc.sdg[j]
# Add phase gates: s, sdg or z
for j in range(num_qubits):
if s_gates[j] % 4 == 1:
qc.sdg(j)
elif s_gates[j] % 4 == 2:
qc.z(j)
elif s_gates[j] % 4 == 3:
qc.s(j)
qc = _append_cx_stage1(qc, num_qubits)
return qc