시작하기¶

설치하기¶

로컬로 시작

키스킷은 Python 3.6 이상을 지원한다. 하지만 Python과 키스킷은 모두 그만의 생태계를 갖추고 있으므로, 그 중 한 쪽에서 새로운 버전이 릴리즈되면 서로 호환성 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다.

과학 계산을 위해서 교차 사용이 가능한 파이썬 배포본인 `아나콘다 (Anaconda) <https://www.anaconda.com/download/>`를 설치하는 것을 추천한다. 아나콘다에 포함된 주피터(Jupyter) 패키지는 키스킷과 상호 작용하는 프로그래밍을 위해 사용되면 좋다.

Qiskit is tested and supported on the following 64-bit systems:

Ubuntu16.04 혹은 최신 버전
맥오에스 (macOS) 10.12.6 혹은 최신 버전
윈도우 7 혹은 최신 버전

키스킷을 다른 응용 프로그램과 분리해서 설치하고 사용자 경험을 증진시키기 위해서 파이썬을 가상 환경에 설치하는 것을 추천한다.

The simplest way to use environments is by using the conda command, included with Anaconda. A Conda environment allows you to specify a specific version of Python and set of libraries. Open a terminal window in the directory where you want to work.

It is preferred that you use Anaconda prompt installed with the Anaconda. All you have to do is create a virtual environment inside Anaconda and activate the environment. These commands can be run in Anaconda prompt irrespective of Windows or Linux machine.

Create a minimal environment with only Python installed in it.

conda create -n ENV_NAME python=3

Activate your new environment.

conda activate ENV_NAME

그런 다음 Qiskit 패키지를 설치한다.

pip install qiskit

만약 패키지가 제대로 설치되었다면, conda list 명령어를 실행하여 현재 가상 환경에서 설치된 패키지를 볼 수 있다.

If you intend to use visualization functionality or Jupyter notebooks it is recommended to install Qiskit with the extra visualization support:

pip install qiskit[visualization]

It is worth pointing out that if you’re a zsh user (which is the default shell on newer versions of macOS), you’ll need to put qiskit[visualization] in quotes:

pip install 'qiskit[visualization]'

클라우드에서 시작하기

The following cloud vendors have Qiskit pre-installed in their environments:

IBM Quantum Lab

Build quantum applications and experiments with Qiskit in a cloud programming environment.

Strangeworks

A platform that enables users and organizations to easily apply quantum computing to their most pressing problems and research.

소스 코드로 설치

Installing the elements from source allows you to access the most recently updated version of Qiskit instead of using the version in the Python Package Index (PyPI) repository. This will give you the ability to inspect and extend the latest version of the Qiskit code more efficiently.

When installing the elements and components from source, by default their development version (which corresponds to the master git branch) will be used, as opposed to the stable version (which contains the same codebase as the published pip packages). Since the development versions of an element or component usually include new features and changes, they generally require using the development version of the rest of the items as well.

The Terra and Aer packages both require a compiler to build from source before you can install. Ignis, Aqua, and the IBM Quantum Provider backend do not require a compiler.

Installing elements from source requires the following order of installation to prevent installing versions of elements that may be lower than those desired if the pip version is behind the source versions:

키스킷-테라
키스킷-에어
키스킷-이그니스
키스킷-아쿠아
qiskit-ibmq-provider (만약 아이비엠 양자 시스템 장치나 온라인 시뮬레이터 장치에 접속하려면)

To work with several components and elements simultaneously, use the following steps for each element.

참고

Due to the use of namespace packaging in Python, care must be taken in how you install packages. If you’re planning to install any element from source, do not use the qiskit meta-package. Also, follow this guide and use a separate virtual environment for development. If you do choose to mix an existing installation with your development, refer to https://github.com/pypa/sample-namespace-packages/blob/master/table.md for the set of combinations of installation methods that work together.

Set up the Virtual Development Environment

conda create -y -n QiskitDevenv python=3
conda activate QiskitDevenv

Installing Terra from Source

Installing from source requires that you have a C++ compiler on your system that supports C++11.

리눅스용 컴파일러

On most Linux platforms, the necessary GCC compiler is already installed.

맥오에스용 컴파일러

만약 맥오에스를 사용하고 있다면, XCode를 설치하면 Clang 컴파일러를 설치할 수 있다. XCode와 Clang이 설치되어 있는지 확인하기 위해서는 터미널를 열고 다음 명령어를 입력하라.

clang --version

Install XCode and Clang by using the following command.

xcode-select --install

윈도우용 컴파일러

On Windows, it is easiest to install the Visual C++ compiler from the Build Tools for Visual Studio 2017. You can instead install Visual Studio version 2015 or 2017, making sure to select the options for installing the C++ compiler.

Once the compilers are installed, you are ready to install Qiskit Terra.

Clone the Terra repository.

git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-terra.git

Cloning the repository creates a local folder called qiskit-terra.
```
cd qiskit-terra
```
Install the Python requirements libraries from your qiskit-terra directory.
```
pip install cython
```
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements.
```
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
```
qiskit-terra 를 설치.
```
pip install .
```

If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied, you can do this with:

pip install -e .

You can then run the code examples after installing Terra. You can run the example with the following command.

python examples/python/using_qiskit_terra_level_0.py

참고

If you do not intend to install any other components, qiskit-terra will emit a RuntimeWarning warning that both qiskit-aer and qiskit-ibmq-provider are not installed. This is done because users commonly intend to use the additional elements, but do not realize they are not installed, or that the installation of either Aer or the IBM Quantum Provider failed for some reason. If you wish to suppress these warnings, add:

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=RuntimeWarning,
                        module='qiskit')

before any qiskit imports in your code. This will suppress the warning about the missing qiskit-aer and qiskit-ibmq-provider, but will continue to display any other warnings from qiskit or other packages.

Installing Aer from Source

Clone the Aer repository.

git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aer

Install build requirements.
```
pip install cmake scikit-build cython
```

After this, the steps to install Aer depend on which operating system you are using. Since Aer is a compiled C++ program with a Python interface, there are non-Python dependencies for building the Aer binary which can’t be installed universally depending on operating system.

Qiskit Aer is a high performance simulator framework for quantum circuits. It provides several backends to achieve different simulation goals.

conda install --update-deps -c conda-forge -y openblas cmake

Build and install qiskit-aer directly

If you have pip <19.0.0 installed and your environment doesn’t require a custom build, run:
```
cd qiskit-aer
pip install .
```
This will both build the binaries and install Aer.

Alternatively, if you have a newer pip installed, or have some custom requirement, you can build a Python wheel manually.
```
cd qiskit-aer
python ./setup.py bdist_wheel
```
If you need to set a custom option during the wheel build, refer to 휠 빌드 중 사용자 정의 옵션.

After you build the Python wheel, it will be stored in the dist/ dir in the Aer repository. The exact version will depend
```
cd dist
pip install qiskit_aer-*.whl
```
The exact filename of the output wheel file depends on the current version of Aer under development.

Custom options

The Aer build system uses scikit-build to run the compilation when building it with the Python interface. It acts as an interface for setuptools to call CMake and compile the binaries for your local system.

Due to the complexity of compiling the binaries, you may need to pass options to a certain part of the build process. The way to pass variables is:

python setup.py bdist_wheel [skbuild_opts] [-- [cmake_opts] [-- build_tool_opts]]

where the elements within square brackets [] are optional, and skbuild_opts, cmake_opts, build_tool_opts are to be replaced by flags of your choice. A list of CMake options is available here: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.6/manual/cmake.1.html#options. For example, you could run something like:

python setup.py bdist_wheel -- -- -j8

This is passing the flag -j8 to the underlying build system (which in this case is Automake), telling it that you want to build in parallel using 8 processes.

For example, a common use case for these flags on linux is to specify a specific version of the C++ compiler to use (normally if the default is too old):

python setup.py bdist_wheel -- -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++-7

which will tell CMake to use the g++-7 command instead of the default g++ when compiling Aer.

Another common use case for this, depending on your environment, is that you may need to specify your platform name and turn off static linking.

python setup.py bdist_wheel --plat-name macosx-10.9-x86_64 \
-- -DSTATIC_LINKING=False -- -j8

Here --plat-name is a flag to setuptools, to specify the platform name to use in the package metadata, -DSTATIC_LINKING is a flag for using CMake to disable static linking, and -j8 is a flag for using Automake to use 8 processes for compilation.

A list of common options depending on platform are:

Platform	Tool	Option	Use Case
전체	Automake	-j	Followed by a number, sets the number of processes to use for compilation.
Linux	CMake	-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER	Used to specify a specific C++ compiler; this is often needed if your default g++ is too old.
오에스엑스(OSX)	셋업툴	–plat-name	Used to specify the platform name in the output Python package.
오에스엑스(OSX)	CMake	-DSTATIC_LINKING	Used to specify whether or not static linking should be used.

참고

Some of these options are not platform-specific. These particular platforms are listed because they are commonly used in the environment. Refer to the tool documentation for more information.

Installing Ignis from Source

이그니스 코드 저장소를 복제.

git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ignis.git

Cloning the repository creates a local directory called qiskit-ignis.
```
cd qiskit-ignis
```
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements. This is not required to install or use the qiskit-ignis package when installing from source.
```
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
```
Install Ignis.
```
pip install .
```

If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied:

pip install -e .

Installing Aqua from Source

Clone the Aqua repository.

git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-aqua.git

Cloning the repository creates a local directory called qiskit-aqua.
```
cd qiskit-aqua
```
If you want to run tests or linting checks, install the developer requirements. This is not required to install or use the qiskit-aqua package when installing from source.
```
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
```
Install Aqua.
```
pip install .
```

If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied:

pip install -e .

Installing IBM Quantum Provider from Source

Clone the qiskit-ibmq-provider repository.

git clone https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-ibmq-provider.git

Cloning the repository creates a local directory called qiskit-ibmq-provider.
```
cd qiskit-ibmq-provider
```
만약 테스트를 하거나 스타일(linting) 검사를 하려면, 개발자 필수 요소를 설치하라. 이때 소스로부터 설치하는 경우에는 키스킷-Ibmq 공급자 패키지를 설치하거나 사용할 필요가 없다.
```
pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
```
Install qiskit-ibmq-provider.
```
pip install .
```

If you want to install it in editable mode, meaning that code changes to the project don’t require a reinstall to be applied:

pip install -e .

Ready to get going?…¶

Qiskit from the ground up

Learn how to build, execute, and post-process quantum circuits with Qiskit.

Start learning Qiskit

Dive into the tutorials

Find out how to leverage Qiskit for everything from single-circuits to full quantum application development.

Qiskit tutorials