# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2017, 2018.
#
# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""
Bloch sphere visualization
"""
from string import Template
import sys
import time
import re
import numpy as np
from qiskit.quantum_info.operators.pauli import Pauli
from qiskit.visualization.utils import _validate_input_state
if ('ipykernel' in sys.modules) and ('spyder' not in sys.modules):
try:
from IPython.core.display import display, HTML
except ImportError:
print("Error importing IPython.core.display. To install, run "
'"pip install ipython".')
[docs]def iplot_bloch_multivector(rho, figsize=None):
""" Create a bloch sphere representation.
Graphical representation of the input array, using as much bloch
spheres as qubit are required.
Args:
rho (array): State vector or density matrix
figsize (tuple): Figure size in pixels.
Example:
.. code-block::
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, BasicAer, execute
from qiskit.visualization import iplot_bloch_multivector
%matplotlib inline
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, 2)
qc.h(0)
qc.cx(0, 1)
qc.measure([0, 1], [0, 1])
backend = BasicAer.get_backend('statevector_simulator')
job = execute(qc, backend).result()
iplot_bloch_multivector(job.get_statevector(qc))
"""
# HTML
html_template = Template("""
<p>
<div id="content_$divNumber" style="position: absolute; z-index: 1;">
<div id="bloch_$divNumber"></div>
</div>
</p>
""")
# JavaScript
javascript_template = Template("""
<script>
requirejs.config({
paths: {
qVisualization: "https://qvisualization.mybluemix.net/q-visualizations"
}
});
data = $data;
dataValues = [];
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
// Coordinates
var x = data[i][0];
var y = data[i][1];
var z = data[i][2];
var point = {'x': x,
'y': y,
'z': z};
dataValues.push(point);
}
require(["qVisualization"], function(qVisualizations) {
// Plot figure
qVisualizations.plotState("bloch_$divNumber",
"bloch",
dataValues,
$options);
});
</script>
""")
rho = _validate_input_state(rho)
if figsize is None:
options = {}
else:
options = {'width': figsize[0], 'height': figsize[1]}
# Process data and execute
num = int(np.log2(len(rho)))
bloch_data = []
for i in range(num):
pauli_singles = [Pauli.pauli_single(num, i, 'X'), Pauli.pauli_single(num, i, 'Y'),
Pauli.pauli_single(num, i, 'Z')]
bloch_state = list(map(lambda x: np.real(np.trace(np.dot(x.to_matrix(), rho))),
pauli_singles))
bloch_data.append(bloch_state)
div_number = str(time.time())
div_number = re.sub('[.]', '', div_number)
html = html_template.substitute({
'divNumber': div_number
})
javascript = javascript_template.substitute({
'data': bloch_data,
'divNumber': div_number,
'options': options
})
display(HTML(html + javascript))