# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2018, 2020.
#
# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""
Convert graph partitioning instances into Pauli list
Deal with Gset format. See https://web.stanford.edu/~yyye/yyye/Gset/
"""
import logging
import numpy as np
from qiskit.quantum_info import Pauli
from qiskit.aqua.operators import WeightedPauliOperator
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]def get_operator(weight_matrix):
r"""Generate Hamiltonian for the graph partitioning
Notes:
Goals:
1 separate the vertices into two set of the same size
2 make sure the number of edges between the two set is minimized.
Hamiltonian:
H = H_A + H_B
H_A = sum\_{(i,j)\in E}{(1-ZiZj)/2}
H_B = (sum_{i}{Zi})^2 = sum_{i}{Zi^2}+sum_{i!=j}{ZiZj}
H_A is for achieving goal 2 and H_B is for achieving goal 1.
Args:
weight_matrix (numpy.ndarray) : adjacency matrix.
Returns:
WeightedPauliOperator: operator for the Hamiltonian
float: a constant shift for the obj function.
"""
num_nodes = len(weight_matrix)
pauli_list = []
shift = 0
for i in range(num_nodes):
for j in range(i):
if weight_matrix[i, j] != 0:
x_p = np.zeros(num_nodes, dtype=np.bool)
z_p = np.zeros(num_nodes, dtype=np.bool)
z_p[i] = True
z_p[j] = True
pauli_list.append([-0.5, Pauli(z_p, x_p)])
shift += 0.5
for i in range(num_nodes):
for j in range(num_nodes):
if i != j:
x_p = np.zeros(num_nodes, dtype=np.bool)
z_p = np.zeros(num_nodes, dtype=np.bool)
z_p[i] = True
z_p[j] = True
pauli_list.append([1, Pauli(z_p, x_p)])
else:
shift += 1
return WeightedPauliOperator(paulis=pauli_list), shift
[docs]def objective_value(x, w):
"""Compute the value of a cut.
Args:
x (numpy.ndarray): binary string as numpy array.
w (numpy.ndarray): adjacency matrix.
Returns:
float: value of the cut.
"""
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
X = np.outer(x, (1 - x))
w_01 = np.where(w != 0, 1, 0)
return np.sum(w_01 * X)
[docs]def get_graph_solution(x):
"""Get graph solution from binary string.
Args:
x (numpy.ndarray) : binary string as numpy array.
Returns:
numpy.ndarray: graph solution as binary numpy array.
"""
return 1 - x