ExcitationPreserving

class ExcitationPreserving(num_qubits=None, mode='iswap', entanglement='full', reps=3, skip_unentangled_qubits=False, skip_final_rotation_layer=False, parameter_prefix='θ', insert_barriers=False, initial_state=None, name='ExcitationPreserving')

Bases: qiskit.circuit.library.n_local.two_local.TwoLocal

The heuristic excitation-preserving wave function ansatz.

The ExcitationPreserving circuit preserves the ratio of \(|00\rangle\), \(|01\rangle + |10\rangle\) and \(|11\rangle\) states. The matrix representing the operation is

\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}\newcommand{\th}{\theta/2}\\\begin{split}\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \cos(\th) & -\sin(\th) & 0 \\ 0 & \sin(\th) & \cos(\th) & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & e^{-i\phi} \end{pmatrix}\end{split}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

for the mode 'fsim' or with \(e^{-i\phi} = 1\) for the mode 'iswap'.

Note that other wave functions, such as UCC-ansatzes, are also excitation preserving. However these can become complex quickly, while this heuristically motivated circuit follows a simpler pattern.

This trial wave function consists of layers of \(Z\) rotations with 2-qubit entanglements. The entangling is creating using \(XX+YY\) rotations and optionally a controlled-phase gate for the mode 'fsim'.

See RealAmplitudes for more detail on the possible arguments and options such as skipping unentanglement qubits, which apply here too.

The rotations of the ExcitationPreserving ansatz can be written as

Examples

>>> ansatz = ExcitationPreserving(3, reps=1, insert_barriers=True, entanglement='linear')
>>> print(ansatz)  # show the circuit
     ┌──────────┐ ░ ┌────────────┐┌────────────┐                             ░ ┌──────────┐
q_0: ┤ RZ(θ[0]) ├─░─┤0           ├┤0           ├─────────────────────────────░─┤ RZ(θ[5]) ├
     ├──────────┤ ░ │  RXX(θ[3]) ││  RYY(θ[3]) │┌────────────┐┌────────────┐ ░ ├──────────┤
q_1: ┤ RZ(θ[1]) ├─░─┤1           ├┤1           ├┤0           ├┤0           ├─░─┤ RZ(θ[6]) ├
     ├──────────┤ ░ └────────────┘└────────────┘│  RXX(θ[4]) ││  RYY(θ[4]) │ ░ ├──────────┤
q_2: ┤ RZ(θ[2]) ├─░─────────────────────────────┤1           ├┤1           ├─░─┤ RZ(θ[7]) ├
     └──────────┘ ░                             └────────────┘└────────────┘ ░ └──────────┘

>>> ansatz = ExcitationPreserving(2, reps=1)
>>> qc = QuantumCircuit(2)  # create a circuit and append the RY variational form
>>> qc.cry(0.2, 0, 1)  # do some previous operation
>>> qc.compose(ansatz, inplace=True)  # add the swaprz
>>> qc.draw()
                ┌──────────┐┌────────────┐┌────────────┐┌──────────┐
q_0: ─────■─────┤ RZ(θ[0]) ├┤0           ├┤0           ├┤ RZ(θ[3]) ├
     ┌────┴────┐├──────────┤│  RXX(θ[2]) ││  RYY(θ[2]) │├──────────┤
q_1: ┤ RY(0.2) ├┤ RZ(θ[1]) ├┤1           ├┤1           ├┤ RZ(θ[4]) ├
     └─────────┘└──────────┘└────────────┘└────────────┘└──────────┘

>>> ansatz = ExcitationPreserving(3, reps=1, mode='fsim', entanglement=[[0,2]],
... insert_barriers=True)
>>> print(ansatz)
     ┌──────────┐ ░ ┌────────────┐┌────────────┐        ░ ┌──────────┐
q_0: ┤ RZ(θ[0]) ├─░─┤0           ├┤0           ├─■──────░─┤ RZ(θ[5]) ├
     ├──────────┤ ░ │            ││            │ │      ░ ├──────────┤
q_1: ┤ RZ(θ[1]) ├─░─┤  RXX(θ[3]) ├┤  RYY(θ[3]) ├─┼──────░─┤ RZ(θ[6]) ├
     ├──────────┤ ░ │            ││            │ │θ[4]  ░ ├──────────┤
q_2: ┤ RZ(θ[2]) ├─░─┤1           ├┤1           ├─■──────░─┤ RZ(θ[7]) ├
     └──────────┘ ░ └────────────┘└────────────┘        ░ └──────────┘

Create a new ExcitationPreserving 2-local circuit.

Parameters

• num_qubits (Optional[int]) – The number of qubits of the ExcitationPreserving circuit.

• mode (str) – Choose the entangler mode, can be ‘iswap’ or ‘fsim’.

• reps (int) – Specifies how often the structure of a rotation layer followed by an entanglement layer is repeated.

• entanglement (Union[str, List[List[int]], Callable[[int], List[int]]]) – Specifies the entanglement structure. Can be a string (‘full’, ‘linear’ or ‘sca’), a list of integer-pairs specifying the indices of qubits entangled with one another, or a callable returning such a list provided with the index of the entanglement layer. See the Examples section of TwoLocal for more detail.

• initial_state (Optional[Any]) – A QuantumCircuit object to prepend to the circuit.

• skip_unentangled_qubits (bool) – If True, the single qubit gates are only applied to qubits that are entangled with another qubit. If False, the single qubit gates are applied to each qubit in the Ansatz. Defaults to False.

• skip_unentangled_qubits – If True, the single qubit gates are only applied to qubits that are entangled with another qubit. If False, the single qubit gates are applied to each qubit in the Ansatz. Defaults to False.

• skip_final_rotation_layer (bool) – If True, a rotation layer is added at the end of the ansatz. If False, no rotation layer is added. Defaults to True.

• parameter_prefix (str) – The parameterized gates require a parameter to be defined, for which we use ParameterVector.

• insert_barriers (bool) – If True, barriers are inserted in between each layer. If False, no barriers are inserted.

Raises

ValueError – If the selected mode is not supported.

Attributes

ancillas

Returns a list of ancilla bits in the order that the registers were added.

calibrations

Return calibration dictionary.

The custom pulse definition of a given gate is of the form

{‘gate_name’: {(qubits, params): schedule}}

clbits

Returns a list of classical bits in the order that the registers were added.

data

entanglement

Get the entanglement strategy.

Return type

Union[str, List[str], List[List[str]], List[int], List[List[int]], List[List[List[int]]], List[List[List[List[int]]]], Callable[[int], str], Callable[[int], List[List[int]]]]

Returns

The entanglement strategy, see get_entangler_map() for more detail on how the format is interpreted.

entanglement_blocks

The blocks in the entanglement layers.

Return type

List[Instruction]

Returns

The blocks in the entanglement layers.

extension_lib = 'include "qelib1.inc";'

global_phase

Return the global phase of the circuit in radians.

header = 'OPENQASM 2.0;'

initial_state

Return the initial state that is added in front of the n-local circuit.

Return type

Any

Returns

The initial state.

insert_barriers

If barriers are inserted in between the layers or not.

Return type

bool

Returns

True, if barriers are inserted in between the layers, False if not.

instances = 16

metadata

The user provided metadata associated with the circuit

The metadata for the circuit is a user provided dict of metadata for the circuit. It will not be used to influence the execution or operation of the circuit, but it is expected to be passed between all transforms of the circuit (ie transpilation) and that providers will associate any circuit metadata with the results it returns from execution of that circuit.

num_ancillas

Return the number of ancilla qubits.

num_clbits

Return number of classical bits.

num_layers

Return the number of layers in the n-local circuit.

Return type

int

Returns

The number of layers in the circuit.

num_parameters

Return type

int

num_parameters_settable

The number of total parameters that can be set to distinct values.

This does not change when the parameters are bound or exchanged for same parameters, and therefore is different from num_parameters which counts the number of unique Parameter objects currently in the circuit.

Return type

int

Returns

The number of parameters originally available in the circuit.

Note

This quantity does not require the circuit to be built yet.

num_qubits

Returns the number of qubits in this circuit.

Return type

int

Returns

The number of qubits.

ordered_parameters

The parameters used in the underlying circuit.

This includes float values and duplicates.

Examples

>>> # prepare circuit ...
>>> print(nlocal)
     ┌───────┐┌──────────┐┌──────────┐┌──────────┐
q_0: ┤ Ry(1) ├┤ Ry(θ[1]) ├┤ Ry(θ[1]) ├┤ Ry(θ[3]) ├
     └───────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘└──────────┘
>>> nlocal.parameters
{Parameter(θ[1]), Parameter(θ[3])}
>>> nlocal.ordered_parameters
[1, Parameter(θ[1]), Parameter(θ[1]), Parameter(θ[3])]

Return type

List[Parameter]

Returns

The parameters objects used in the circuit.

parameter_bounds

Return the parameter bounds.

Return type

List[Tuple[float, float]]

Returns

The parameter bounds.

parameters

Return type

ParameterView

preferred_init_points

The initial points for the parameters. Can be stored as initial guess in optimization.

Return type

Optional[List[float]]

Returns

The initial values for the parameters, or None, if none have been set.

prefix = 'circuit'

qregs

A list of the quantum registers associated with the circuit.

qubits

Returns a list of quantum bits in the order that the registers were added.

reps

The number of times rotation and entanglement block are repeated.

Return type

int

Returns

The number of repetitions.

rotation_blocks

The blocks in the rotation layers.

Return type

List[Instruction]

Returns

The blocks in the rotation layers.