qiskit.optimization.problems.QuadraticProgram

class QuadraticProgram(name='')

Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program representation.

This representation supports inequality and equality constraints, as well as continuous, binary, and integer variables.

Parameter

name (str) – The name of the quadratic program.

__init__(name='')

Parameter

name (str) – The name of the quadratic program.

Methods

__init__([name])	type name str
binary_var([name])	Adds a binary variable to the quadratic program.
binary_var_dict(keys[, name, key_format])	Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of binary variables
binary_var_list(keys[, name, key_format])	Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a list of binary variables
clear()	Clears the quadratic program, i.e., deletes all variables, constraints, the objective function as well as the name.
continuous_var([lowerbound, upperbound, name])	Adds a continuous variable to the quadratic program.
continuous_var_dict(keys[, lowerbound, …])	Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of continuous variables
continuous_var_list(keys[, lowerbound, …])	Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a list of continuous variables
export_as_lp_string()	Returns the quadratic program as a string of LP format.
from_docplex(model)	Loads this quadratic program from a docplex model.
from_ising(qubit_op[, offset, linear])	Create a quadratic program from a qubit operator and a shift value.
get_feasibility_info(x)	Returns whether a solution is feasible or not along with the violations.
get_linear_constraint(i)	Returns a linear constraint for a given name or index.
get_num_binary_vars()	Returns the total number of binary variables.
get_num_continuous_vars()	Returns the total number of continuous variables.
get_num_integer_vars()	Returns the total number of integer variables.
get_num_linear_constraints()	Returns the number of linear constraints.
get_num_quadratic_constraints()	Returns the number of quadratic constraints.
get_num_vars([vartype])	Returns the total number of variables or the number of variables of the specified type.
get_quadratic_constraint(i)	Returns a quadratic constraint for a given name or index.
get_variable(i)	Returns a variable for a given name or index.
integer_var([lowerbound, upperbound, name])	Adds an integer variable to the quadratic program.
integer_var_dict(keys[, lowerbound, …])	Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of integer variables
integer_var_list(keys[, lowerbound, …])	Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a dictionary of integer variables
is_feasible(x)	Returns whether a solution is feasible or not.
linear_constraint([linear, sense, rhs, name])	Adds a linear equality constraint to the quadratic program of the form:
maximize([constant, linear, quadratic])	Sets a quadratic objective to be maximized.
minimize([constant, linear, quadratic])	Sets a quadratic objective to be minimized.
pprint_as_string()	DEPRECATED Returns the quadratic program as a string in Docplex’s pretty print format.
prettyprint([out])	DEPRECATED Pretty prints the quadratic program to a given output stream (None = default).
quadratic_constraint([linear, quadratic, …])	Adds a quadratic equality constraint to the quadratic program of the form:
read_from_lp_file(filename)	Loads the quadratic program from a LP file.
remove_linear_constraint(i)	Remove a linear constraint
remove_quadratic_constraint(i)	Remove a quadratic constraint
substitute_variables([constants, variables])	Substitutes variables with constants or other variables.
to_docplex()	Returns a docplex model corresponding to this quadratic program.
to_ising()	Return the Ising Hamiltonian of this problem.
write_to_lp_file(filename)	Writes the quadratic program to an LP file.

Attributes

linear_constraints	Returns the list of linear constraints of the quadratic program.
linear_constraints_index	Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a linear constraint to its index.
name	Returns the name of the quadratic program.
objective	Returns the quadratic objective.
quadratic_constraints	Returns the list of quadratic constraints of the quadratic program.
quadratic_constraints_index	Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a quadratic constraint to its index.
status	Status of the quadratic program.
variables	Returns the list of variables of the quadratic program.
variables_index	Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a variable to its index.

Status

Alias von QuadraticProgramStatus

binary_var(name=None)

Adds a binary variable to the quadratic program.

Parameter

name (Optional[str]) – The name of the variable.

Rückgabetyp

Variable

Rückgabe

The added variable.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already occupied.

binary_var_dict(keys, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of binary variables

Parameter

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, Variable]

Rückgabe

A dictionary mapping the variable names to variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

binary_var_list(keys, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a list of binary variables

Parameter

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

List[Variable]

Rückgabe

A list of variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

clear()

Clears the quadratic program, i.e., deletes all variables, constraints, the objective function as well as the name.

Rückgabetyp

None

continuous_var(lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None)

Adds a continuous variable to the quadratic program.

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lowerbound of the variable.

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upperbound of the variable.

• name (Optional[str]) – The name of the variable.

Rückgabetyp

Variable

Rückgabe

The added variable.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already occupied.

continuous_var_dict(keys, lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of continuous variables

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lower bound of the variable(s).

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upper bound of the variable(s).

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, Variable]

Rückgabe

A dictionary mapping the variable names to variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

continuous_var_list(keys, lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a list of continuous variables

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lower bound of the variable(s).

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upper bound of the variable(s).

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

List[Variable]

Rückgabe

A list of variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

export_as_lp_string()

Returns the quadratic program as a string of LP format.

Rückgabetyp

str

Rückgabe

A string representing the quadratic program.

from_docplex(model)

Loads this quadratic program from a docplex model.

Note that this supports only basic functions of docplex as follows: - quadratic objective function - linear / quadratic constraints - binary / integer / continuous variables

Parameter

model (Model) – The docplex model to be loaded.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the model contains unsupported elements.

Rückgabetyp

None

from_ising(qubit_op, offset=0.0, linear=False)

Create a quadratic program from a qubit operator and a shift value.

Parameter

• qubit_op (Union[OperatorBase, WeightedPauliOperator]) – The qubit operator of the problem.

• offset (float) – The constant value in the Ising Hamiltonian.

• linear (bool) – If linear is True, \(x^2\) is treated as a linear term since \(x^2 = x\) for \(x \in \{0,1\}\). Else, \(x^2\) is treat as a quadratic term. The default value is False.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – If there are Pauli Xs in any Pauli term

• QiskitOptimizationError – If there are more than 2 Pauli Zs in any Pauli term

• NotImplementedError – If the input operator is a ListOp

Rückgabetyp

None

get_feasibility_info(x)

Returns whether a solution is feasible or not along with the violations. :type x: Union[List[float], ndarray] :param x: a solution value, such as returned in an optimizer result.

Rückgabe

Whether the solution provided is feasible or not. List[Variable]: List of variables which are violated. List[Constraint]: List of constraints which are violated.

Rückgabetyp

feasible

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – If the input x is not same len as total vars

get_linear_constraint(i)

Returns a linear constraint for a given name or index.

Parameter

i (Union[int, str]) – the index or name of the constraint.

Rückgabetyp

LinearConstraint

Rückgabe

The corresponding constraint.

Verursacht

• IndexError – if the index is out of the list size

• KeyError – if the name does not exist

get_num_binary_vars()

Returns the total number of binary variables.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The total number of binary variables.

get_num_continuous_vars()

Returns the total number of continuous variables.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The total number of continuous variables.

get_num_integer_vars()

Returns the total number of integer variables.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The total number of integer variables.

get_num_linear_constraints()

Returns the number of linear constraints.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The number of linear constraints.

get_num_quadratic_constraints()

Returns the number of quadratic constraints.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The number of quadratic constraints.

get_num_vars(vartype=None)

Returns the total number of variables or the number of variables of the specified type.

Parameter

vartype (Optional[VarType]) – The type to be filtered on. All variables are counted if None.

Rückgabetyp

int

Rückgabe

The total number of variables.

get_quadratic_constraint(i)

Returns a quadratic constraint for a given name or index.

Parameter

i (Union[int, str]) – the index or name of the constraint.

Rückgabetyp

QuadraticConstraint

Rückgabe

The corresponding constraint.

Verursacht

• IndexError – if the index is out of the list size

• KeyError – if the name does not exist

get_variable(i)

Returns a variable for a given name or index.

Parameter

i (Union[int, str]) – the index or name of the variable.

Rückgabetyp

Variable

Rückgabe

The corresponding variable.

integer_var(lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None)

Adds an integer variable to the quadratic program.

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lowerbound of the variable.

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upperbound of the variable.

• name (Optional[str]) – The name of the variable.

Rückgabetyp

Variable

Rückgabe

The added variable.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already occupied.

integer_var_dict(keys, lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_dict‘ to construct a dictionary of integer variables

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lower bound of the variable(s).

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upper bound of the variable(s).

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, Variable]

Rückgabe

A dictionary mapping the variable names to variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

integer_var_list(keys, lowerbound=0, upperbound=1e+20, name=None, key_format='{}')

Uses ‚var_list‘ to construct a dictionary of integer variables

Parameter

• lowerbound (Union[float, int]) – The lower bound of the variable(s).

• upperbound (Union[float, int]) – The upper bound of the variable(s).

• name (Optional[str]) – The name(s) of the variable(s).

• key_format (str) – The format used to name/index the variable(s).

• keys (Union[int, Sequence]) – If keys: int, it is interpreted as the number of variables to construct. Otherwise, the elements of the sequence are converted to strings via ‚str‘ and substituted into key_format.

Rückgabetyp

List[Variable]

Rückgabe

A list of variable instances.

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – if the variable name is already taken.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if less than one variable instantiation is attempted.

• QiskitOptimizationError – if key_format has more than one substitution or a nested substitution.

is_feasible(x)

Returns whether a solution is feasible or not.

Parameter

x (Union[List[float], ndarray]) – a solution value, such as returned in an optimizer result.

Rückgabetyp

bool

Rückgabe

True if the solution provided is feasible otherwise False.

linear_constraint(linear=None, sense='<=', rhs=0.0, name=None)

Adds a linear equality constraint to the quadratic program of the form:

linear * x sense rhs.

Parameter

• linear (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[float], Dict[Union[int, str], float], None]) – The linear coefficients of the left-hand-side of the constraint.

• sense (Union[str, ConstraintSense]) – The sense of the constraint, - ‚==‘, ‚=‘, ‚E‘, and ‚EQ‘ denote ‚equal to‘. - ‚>=‘, ‚>‘, ‚G‘, and ‚GE‘ denote ‚greater-than-or-equal-to‘. - ‚<=‘, ‚<‘, ‚L‘, and ‚LE‘ denote ‚less-than-or-equal-to‘.

• rhs (float) – The right hand side of the constraint.

• name (Optional[str]) – The name of the constraint.

Rückgabetyp

LinearConstraint

Rückgabe

The added constraint.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the constraint name already exists or the sense is not valid.

property linear_constraints

Returns the list of linear constraints of the quadratic program.

Rückgabetyp

List[LinearConstraint]

Rückgabe

List of linear constraints.

property linear_constraints_index

Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a linear constraint to its index.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, int]

Rückgabe

The linear constraint index dictionary.

maximize(constant=0.0, linear=None, quadratic=None)

Sets a quadratic objective to be maximized.

Parameter

• constant (float) – the constant offset of the objective.

• linear (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[float], Dict[Union[int, str], float], None]) – the coefficients of the linear part of the objective.

• quadratic (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[List[float]], Dict[Tuple[Union[int, str], Union[int, str]], float], None]) – the coefficients of the quadratic part of the objective.

Rückgabetyp

None

Rückgabe

The created quadratic objective.

minimize(constant=0.0, linear=None, quadratic=None)

Sets a quadratic objective to be minimized.

Parameter

• constant (float) – the constant offset of the objective.

• linear (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[float], Dict[Union[int, str], float], None]) – the coefficients of the linear part of the objective.

• quadratic (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[List[float]], Dict[Tuple[Union[int, str], Union[int, str]], float], None]) – the coefficients of the quadratic part of the objective.

Rückgabetyp

None

Rückgabe

The created quadratic objective.

property name

Returns the name of the quadratic program.

Rückgabetyp

str

Rückgabe

The name of the quadratic program.

property objective

Returns the quadratic objective.

Rückgabetyp

QuadraticObjective

Rückgabe

The quadratic objective.

pprint_as_string()

DEPRECATED Returns the quadratic program as a string in Docplex’s pretty print format. :rtype: str :returns: A string representing the quadratic program.

prettyprint(out=None)

DEPRECATED Pretty prints the quadratic program to a given output stream (None = default).

Parameter

out (Optional[str]) – The output stream or file name to print to. if you specify a file name, the output file name is has ‚.mod‘ as suffix.

Rückgabetyp

None

quadratic_constraint(linear=None, quadratic=None, sense='<=', rhs=0.0, name=None)

Adds a quadratic equality constraint to the quadratic program of the form:

x * Q * x <= rhs.

Parameter

• linear (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[float], Dict[Union[int, str], float], None]) – The linear coefficients of the constraint.

• quadratic (Union[ndarray, spmatrix, List[List[float]], Dict[Tuple[Union[int, str], Union[int, str]], float], None]) – The quadratic coefficients of the constraint.

• sense (Union[str, ConstraintSense]) – The sense of the constraint, - ‚==‘, ‚=‘, ‚E‘, and ‚EQ‘ denote ‚equal to‘. - ‚>=‘, ‚>‘, ‚G‘, and ‚GE‘ denote ‚greater-than-or-equal-to‘. - ‚<=‘, ‚<‘, ‚L‘, and ‚LE‘ denote ‚less-than-or-equal-to‘.

• rhs (float) – The right hand side of the constraint.

• name (Optional[str]) – The name of the constraint.

Rückgabetyp

QuadraticConstraint

Rückgabe

The added constraint.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the constraint name already exists.

property quadratic_constraints

Returns the list of quadratic constraints of the quadratic program.

Rückgabetyp

List[QuadraticConstraint]

Rückgabe

List of quadratic constraints.

property quadratic_constraints_index

Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a quadratic constraint to its index.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, int]

Rückgabe

The quadratic constraint index dictionary.

read_from_lp_file(filename)

Loads the quadratic program from a LP file.

Parameter

filename (str) – The filename of the file to be loaded.

Verursacht

• FileNotFoundError – If the file does not exist.

• MissingOptionalLibraryError – If CPLEX is not installed.

Bemerkung

This method requires CPLEX to be installed and present in PYTHONPATH.

Rückgabetyp

None

remove_linear_constraint(i)

Remove a linear constraint

Parameter

i (Union[str, int]) – an index or a name of a linear constraint

Verursacht

• KeyError – if name does not exist

• IndexError – if index is out of range

Rückgabetyp

None

remove_quadratic_constraint(i)

Remove a quadratic constraint

Parameter

i (Union[str, int]) – an index or a name of a quadratic constraint

Verursacht

• KeyError – if name does not exist

• IndexError – if index is out of range

Rückgabetyp

None

property status

Status of the quadratic program. It can be infeasible due to variable substitution.

Rückgabetyp

QuadraticProgramStatus

Rückgabe

The status of the quadratic program

substitute_variables(constants=None, variables=None)

Substitutes variables with constants or other variables.

Parameter

• constants (Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], float]]) – replace variable by constant e.g., {‚x‘: 2} means ‚x‘ is substituted with 2

• variables (Optional[Dict[Union[str, int], Tuple[Union[str, int], float]]]) – replace variables by weighted other variable need to copy everything using name reference to make sure that indices are matched correctly. The lower and upper bounds are updated accordingly. e.g., {‚x‘: (‚y‘, 2)} means ‚x‘ is substituted with ‚y‘ * 2

Rückgabetyp

QuadraticProgram

Rückgabe

An optimization problem by substituting variables with constants or other variables. If the substitution is valid, QuadraticProgram.status is still QuadraticProgram.Status.VALIAD. Otherwise, it gets QuadraticProgram.Status.INFEASIBLE.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if the substitution is invalid as follows. - Same variable is substituted multiple times. - Coefficient of variable substitution is zero.

to_docplex()

Returns a docplex model corresponding to this quadratic program.

Rückgabetyp

Model

Rückgabe

The docplex model corresponding to this quadratic program.

Verursacht

QiskitOptimizationError – if non-supported elements (should never happen).

to_ising()

Return the Ising Hamiltonian of this problem.

Rückgabe

The qubit operator for the problem offset: The constant value in the Ising Hamiltonian.

Rückgabetyp

qubit_op

Verursacht

• QiskitOptimizationError – If a variable type is not binary.

• QiskitOptimizationError – If constraints exist in the problem.

property variables

Returns the list of variables of the quadratic program.

Rückgabetyp

List[Variable]

Rückgabe

List of variables.

property variables_index

Returns the dictionary that maps the name of a variable to its index.

Rückgabetyp

Dict[str, int]

Rückgabe

The variable index dictionary.

write_to_lp_file(filename)

Writes the quadratic program to an LP file.

Parameter

filename (str) – The filename of the file the model is written to. If filename is a directory, file name ‚my_problem.lp‘ is appended. If filename does not end with ‚.lp‘, suffix ‚.lp‘ is appended.

Verursacht

• OSError – If this cannot open a file.

• DOcplexException – If filename is an empty string

Rückgabetyp

None